October 13 is world Thrombosis Day, a day held annually to raise awareness about the causes, risk factors, signs, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. Thrombosis may occur in veins (venous thrombosis), in arteries (arterial thrombosis), or lymphatic vasculature (lymphatic thrombosis). Thrombosis is a growing health problem often underestimated and misunderstood which can lead to serious complications.
In blood vessels, the clotting mechanism is protective for preventing excessive blood loss while maintaining blood flow. However, in the lymphatic vasculature, coagulation is a pathological phenomenon closely related to but different from blood clotting. Any source of lymphatic vessel occlusion, such as internal obliteration, external compression, or increased lymphatic pressure, might predispose to localized lymphatic thrombosis.
CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASE AND THROMBOSIS
Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) is prevalent and unavoidable in many people due to persistent or unalterable risk factors. It encompasses a range of venous disorders. The spectrum of chronic venous disease signs and symptoms shows variable severity, ranging from mild to moderate (pain and varicose veins) to severe (venous ulcers).
Venous insufficiency is a complex multifactorial process reflecting both systemic abnormalities of connective tissue synthesis and cellular inflammatory reaction. The development of varicose veins results from a complex interplay of multiple factors, including gender, age, heredity, obesity, lifestyle, and employment. Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is one of the most common disorders of the vascular system, affecting approximately 50% of adults.
If Chronic Venous Insufficiency is left untreated, it can lead to several complications including Venous Thrombosis, likewise, one of the common risk factors of CVI occurs when the valves of the deep veins are damaged as a result of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT). Due to the inevitability factor of CVD, medical treatment is required to alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression. Depending on VVs severity, management usually includes compression stockings, venoactive drugs, sclerotherapy, and surgical removal.
Venoactive Drugs (VADs), also called phlebotonics, have been promoted to be a favorable conservative treatment option for the treatment of all stages of chronic venous disease, and for the prevention of disease progression to vascular disorders such as thrombosis. International guidelines for managing venous disease support the strong recommendation of MPFF (micronized purified flavonoid fraction) and Sulodexide, which have shown benefits in CVD, CVI, and VLU.
REFERENCES:
- Primary venous insufficiency increases risk of deep vein thrombosis
- Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis
- Varicose veins of lower extremities, hemodynamics, and treatment methods
- A Study of Risk Factors of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and its Association with Features Suggestive of Preceding or Present Deep Venous Thrombosis
- The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Chronic Venous Disease
- Changes of the serum properties and its effect on the endothelial cells restoration in patients with chronic venous disease treated with sulodexide
- Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Vein Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease and Implications in Management of Varicose Veins
- Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Superficial Venous Thrombosis
- Sulodexide in the treatment of chronic venous disease
- Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) for Patients Suffering from Chronic Venous Disease: A Review of New Evidence
- Coagulation in Lymphatic System
- Management of People With Lymphoedema in the Presence of Deep Vein Thrombosis
